Harshly parented children show poorer development of stress regulation

May 13, 2026 - 14:52

As toddlers grow into the preschool years, they typically start to rely less on their parents for emotional control. A new study led by Penn State researchers, however, suggests that aggressive parenting can disrupt this natural shift. The research found that physical or psychological aggression, including spanking and shouting, keeps children dependent on outside regulation rather than helping them develop their own coping skills.

The study tracked children over time and measured their ability to manage stress. Kids who experienced harsh parenting showed poorer development of stress regulation as they got older. Instead of becoming more independent, these children required more external support from their mothers, not less. This pattern appeared to be harmful for both the child and the parent.

Researchers noted that the disruption goes both ways. A child who struggles to self-regulate can cause more frustration for the mother, which may lead to even harsher parenting. This creates a cycle that is hard to break. The findings add to a growing body of evidence that common disciplinary tactics like yelling or hitting can have long-term effects on a child's developing nervous system. The study highlights the importance of teaching parents alternative strategies for managing behavior, especially during the critical toddler and preschool years when self-regulation skills are just beginning to form.